Quotes by Thomas Kuhn

Thomas Kuhn

“Normal science” means research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievements, achievements that some particular scientific community acknowledges for a time as supplying the foundation for its further practice.

Mean

Past

Science

All crises begin with the blurring of a paradigm and the consequent loosening of the rules for normal research. .. Or finally, the case that will most concern us here, a crisis may end with the emergence of a new candidate for paradigm and with the ensuing battle over its acceptance.

Acceptance

Battle

Words Of Wisdom

Almost always the men who achieve these fundamental inventions of a new paradigm have been either very young or very new to the field whose paradigm they change.

Change

Men

Science

As in political revolutions, so in paradigm choice-there is no standard higher than the assent of the relevant community… this issue of paradigm choice can never be unequivocally settled by logic and experiment alone.

Issues

Political Revolution

Science

Communication across the revolutionary divide is inevitably partial.

Communication

Language

Revolutionary

Concerned to reconstruct past ideas, historians must approach the generation that held them as the anthropologist approaches an alien culture. They must, that is, be prepared at the start to find that natives speak a different language and map experience into different categories from those they themselves bring from home. And they must take as their object the discovery of those categories and the assimilation of the corresponding language.

Home

Past

Science

Each paradigm will be shown to satisfy more or less the criteria that it dictates for itself and to fall short of a few of those dictated by its opponent.

Criteria

Fall

Opponents

Every important idea in science sounds strange at first.

Ideas

Important

Sound

Far from being magisterial in its objectivity, science was conditioned by history, society, and the prejudices of scientists.

Objectivity

Prejudice

Scientist

History, if viewed as a repository for more than anecdote or chronology, could produce a decisive transformation in the image of science by which we are now possessed.

Anecdotes

History

Science

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Acceptance

Analysis

Anecdotes

Answers

Asking

Battle

Change

Claims

Commitment

Communication

Construction

Crisis

Criteria

Data

Design

Discovery

Doe

Entrepreneur

Evaluation

Expectations

Facts

Fall

Fit

Gestalt

History

Home

Ideas

Important

Issues

Knowledge

Language

Lenses

May

Mean

Men

Nature

Normal

Novelty

Objectivity

Opponents

Past

Philosopher

Philosophical

Political Revolution

Practice

Prejudice

Problem

Resistance

Revolutionary

Science

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Quotes by Thomas Kuhn

Thomas Kuhn

“Normal science” means research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievements, achievements that some particular scientific community acknowledges for a time as supplying the foundation for its further practice.

All crises begin with the blurring of a paradigm and the consequent loosening of the rules for normal research. .. Or finally, the case that will most concern us here, a crisis may end with the emergence of a new candidate for paradigm and with the ensuing battle over its acceptance.

Almost always the men who achieve these fundamental inventions of a new paradigm have been either very young or very new to the field whose paradigm they change.

As in political revolutions, so in paradigm choice-there is no standard higher than the assent of the relevant community… this issue of paradigm choice can never be unequivocally settled by logic and experiment alone.

Communication across the revolutionary divide is inevitably partial.

Each paradigm will be shown to satisfy more or less the criteria that it dictates for itself and to fall short of a few of those dictated by its opponent.

Every important idea in science sounds strange at first.

Far from being magisterial in its objectivity, science was conditioned by history, society, and the prejudices of scientists.

History, if viewed as a repository for more than anecdote or chronology, could produce a decisive transformation in the image of science by which we are now possessed.

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